肺栓塞患者危险因素及临床特征分析

高和飞，程琳，李永涛，张春芳

（西安高新医院呼吸科，陕西 西安，710075）

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摘要：

目的 分析肺栓塞患者临床特征与危险因素，并将其归纳总结。方法 回顾性分析我院收治的50 例肺栓塞患者的临床资 料，分析肺栓塞的危险因素与临床特征及治疗经过。结果 50 例肺栓塞患者中患者年纪偏大占66.0%、手术伤口占30.0%、长期 卧床占48.0%、合并疾病占72.0%、临床感染占8.0%、个体遗传占4.0%，很多时候危险因素并不是单一存在的，而是相互叠加共 同存在。50 例肺栓塞患者Kaprini 评分平均值为（12.3±6.2）分，其中外科肺栓塞平均得分（13.4±3.7）分，内科肺栓塞患者平均得 分（12.1±4.2）分。肺栓塞患者临床特征主要表现为呼吸困难、胸痛、咳血等。所有患者均进行D 二聚体检查，其中30 例升高，7 例 正常；31 例行血气分析检查，均有不同程度低氧血症；33 例心电图有不同程度异常；5 例有典型的SⅠQⅡTⅡ征象。结论 住院 患者为肺栓塞的高发与高危人群，病死率偏高。但通过及早治疗、风险预估及预防等措施可以明显降低其死亡率。

关键词：肺栓塞；危险因素；临床特征

中图分类号：R563.5文献标志码：A文章编号：2096-1413(2017)36-0036-02

Risk factors and clinical features analysis of 50 patients with pulmonary embolism
GAO He-fei, CHENG Lin, LI Yong-tao, ZHANG Chun-fang


(Respiratory Department, Xi``an Gaoxin Hospital, Xi``an 710075, China)

ABSTRACT: Objective To analyze and summarize the risk factors and clinical features of patients with pulmonary embolism. Methods The clinical data of 50 patients with pulmonary embolism admitted in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed, and the risk factors and clinical features, treatment process of pulmonary embolism were analyzed. Results Of the 50 patients with pulmonary embolism, older patients accounted for 66.0%, surgical wounds accounted for 30.0%, long-term bed rest accounted for 48.0%, combined disease accounted for 72.0%, clinical infection accounted for 8.0%, individual genetic accounted for 4.0%, in many cases, the risk factors did not exist in a single way, but aufeinanderlegen and co-exist. The mean Kaprini score of 50 patients with pulmonary embolism was (12.3±6.2), and the average score of surgical pulmonary embolism was (13.4±3.7), that of the internal medicine was (12.1±4.2). The clinical features of patients with pulmonary embolism mainly manifested as dyspnea, chest pain, hemoptysis and so on. All patients undergoing D dimer examination, of which, 30 cases were elevated and 7 cases were normal; 31 cases receiving blood gas analysis had varying degrees of hypoxemia. 33 cases had abnormal ECG in varying degrees; 5 case had typical SⅠQⅡTⅡ signs. Conclusion Inpatients are the high-risk and high risk groups of pulmonary embolism, with high mortality, giving early treatment, risk assessment and prevention can reduce its mortality.
KEYWORDS: pulmonary embolism; risk factor; clinical features

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